@article{Triantafyllopoulos2024,

title = {The Effect of Yellow Filter Use on Standard Automated Perimetry and Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Individuals},

author = {George I Triantafyllopoulos and Costas H Karabatsas and Evangelos Pateras and Aristeidis Chandrinos and Dimitrios Kapralos and Iordanis Georgiou and Anastasia Tsiogka and Dimitrios Kourkoutas},

doi = {10.7759/cureus.51912},

issn = {2168-8184},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-08},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {General Medicine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gialelis2023,

title = {Change in Corneal Epithelial Thickness After Photo Refractive Keratectomy (PRK)},

author = {Themistoklis K Gialelis},

doi = {10.46889/joar.2023.4304},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-31},

urldate = {2023-10-31},

journal = {JOAR},

pages = {1--7},

publisher = {Athenaeum Scientific Publishers},

abstract = {<jats:p>Purpose: The study of change of the epithelium of the cornea in two points after Photo Refractive Keratectomy (PRK): at the peak of the cornea (ETpeak) and in the middle of the cornea (ETcenter). The study of the change of Lower Order Aberrations (LOAs) and Higher Order Aberrations (HOAs), Contrast Sensitivity (CS) and Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) and the relationship of these parameters with the change of ETpeak and ETcenter after PRK.



Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (5 women and 22 men) with an average age of 27 years (age range 23-36) underwent PRK. For two years all 27 patients had stable refraction. The refractive objective was emmetropia.



Results: After PRK, a statistically significant difference was found between pre-surgery and post-surgery measurements of ETpeak and ETcenter with in relation to LOAs, HOAs, CS and CDVA. As well as between CS and HOA (Z33).



Conclusion: In conclusion, after PRK, the change in ETcenter and ETpeak is associated with the change in CDVA and the changes in LOAs and HOAs. Also, the change in CDVA is related to SC, LOAs and HOAS. Finally, the change in the ETcenter appears to be related to the change in the CS.</jats:p>},

keywords = {Classics, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics and Language, Music},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2023,

title = {Vitamin E and Supplements Offer Eye Neuroprotection – Myth or Reality ?},

author = {Aristeidis Chandrinos and Dorotheos Tzamouranis and Stavroula Kakoura},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2023/v18i6404},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-26},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

pages = {16--24},

keywords = {antioxidant supplements, cataract, crystalline lens, glaucoma, oxidative stress, vitamin $epsilon$},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gialelis2023b,

title = {Changes in Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Relation to Vision, Contrast Sensitivity and Ocular Aberrations After Lasik},

author = {Themistoklis K Gialelis},

doi = {10.46889/joar.2023.4204},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-31},

urldate = {2023-08-31},

journal = {JOAR},

pages = {1--7},

publisher = {Athenaeum Scientific Publishers},

abstract = {<jats:p>Purpose: The assessment of changes in corneal epithelial thickness at the center of the cornea (ET center) and at the apex of the cornea (ET peak) in relation to vision, corneal aberrations (LOAs and HOAs) and contrast sensitivity (C.S) after LASIK.



Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (27 eyes) with a mean age of 32 years (range 22-50), 9 males and 18 females were included in the study and underwent LASIK. Mean follow up was 12.18 +/- 1.48 (range from 9 to 18 months).



Results: A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative measurements of ET center and ET peak as well as Zernike coefficients. No statistically significant difference was found for the variable of CS.



Conclusion: Changes in corneal aberrations after refractive surgery can be attributed to epithelial thickness increase which can be seen in patients that have undergone LASIK.</jats:p>},

keywords = {Applied Mathematics, General Engineering, General Medicine, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Deriving the diffuse attenuation coefficient in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, using observational optical measurements and a multi-layer perceptron regression model},

author = { V. Metheniti; A. Karageorgis; P. Drakopoulos; N. Kambanis; S. Sofianos,},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104105},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-05},

urldate = {2023-07-05},

journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Quantitative Measurements of Macular and Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow  Parameters Following Cataract Surgery in Eye Department, Red Cross Tertiary  General Hospital, Athens, Greece },

author = {A. I. Kouroupaki, E. Pateras, K. Karabatsas},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2023/v18i2383 },

issn = {2321-7227},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-22},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal   },

volume = {18},

number = {99001},

issue = {2},

pages = {30-37},

abstract = {_____________________________________________________________________________________________________



Objective: To evaluate the effect of uncomplicated cataract surgery on macular and optic nerve

head blood flow with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Retinal vascular

changes and macular vessel remodeling following cataract surgery is an area of interest, as the

effect, cause and duration of such changes remain debatable. 

Setting: Eye Department, Red Cross Tertiary General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Methods: In this study, we recruited cataract surgery candidates who had regular post operative

visits and underwent longitudinal OCT-A examinations before and after surgery.  },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{@article{Soulantzou2023,,

title = {Comparison of central corneal thickness in healthy eyes using ultrasound pachymetry, non-contact specular microscopy and a high-resolution Scheimpflug camera},

author = {Soulantzou, Konstantina and Plakitsi, Athina and Chalkiadaki, Evangelia and Anastasopoulou, Maria and Karmiris, Efthymios},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02431-1},

doi = {10.1007/s10792-022-02431-1},

isbn = {0123456789},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Ophthalmology},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {363--370},

abstract = {Purpose: To compare and analyze the interchangeability in measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) using ultrasonic pachymetry (USP, PACHMATE 2, DGH, Inc, Exton, PA, USA), non-contact specular microscopy (NCSM, CEM-530, Nidek CO, LTD, Gamagori, Japan) and a high-resolution Scheimpflug Camera (Pentacam HR, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany). Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was performed recruiting 216 volunteers, for a sample size of 216 eyes with no ocular abnormalities other than refractive errors. All subjects underwent pachymetric measurements obtained by USP, NCSM and Pentacam HR. Examinations were performed by the same examiner with USP always following the noncontact examinations. Results: The mean CCT (± SD) was 560.30 ± 38.80 $mu$m, 556.76 ± 36.83 $mu$m and 547.31 ± 35.28 $mu$m for USP, NCSM and Pentacam HR, respectively. The Bland–Altman analysis showed that the highest concordance was found between USP and NCSM, with differences between − 13.18 $mu$m and 20.26 $mu$m. For the differences between measurements obtained with Pentacam HR and USP, the differences at Bland–Altman plot were between − 28.25 and 13.57 $mu$m. The lowest concordance was found for the CCT values measured with Pentacam HR and NCSM, with differences between − 25.67 and 6.86 $mu$m. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between all pairs of measurements was between 0.979 and 0.987, suggesting that the mean measurements were strongly correlated. Conclusion: Measurements obtained with all three devices had high correlation. USP and NCSM were found in good agreement and high concordance, too. The above results indicate that these two devices are interchangeable in clinical practice. Pentacam HR may be a useful alternative for measuring CCT; however, it significantly underestimates CCT and cannot be used interchangeably with the other devices that we studied.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Safitri2023,

title = {Treatment expectations in glaucoma: what matters most to patients?},

author = {Atika Safitri and Evgenia Konstantakopoulou and Kuang Hu and Gus Gazzard},

doi = {10.1038/s41433-023-02532-w},

issn = {14765454},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Eye (Basingstoke)},

number = {September 2022},

abstract = {Background/Objectives: Recent clinical trials in glaucoma have used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of health-related quality of life to evaluate interventions. However, existing PROMs may not be sufficiently sensitive to capture changes in health status. This study aims to determine what really matters to patients by directly exploring their treatment expectations and preferences. Subjects/Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using one-to-one semi-structured interviews to elicit patients' preferences. Participants were recruited from two NHS clinics serving urban, suburban and rural populations in the UK. To be relevant across glaucoma patients under NHS care, participants were sampled to include a full range of demographic profiles, disease severities and treatment histories. Interview transcripts were evaluated using thematic analysis until no new themes emerged (saturation). Saturation was established when 25 participants with ocular hypertension, mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma had been interviewed. Results: Themes identified were: Patients' experiences of living with glaucoma, patients' experiences of having glaucoma treatment, most important outcomes to patients, and COVID-related concerns. Participants specifically expressed their most important concerns, which were (i) disease-related outcomes (intraocular pressure control, maintaining vision, and being independent); and (ii) treatment-related outcomes (treatment that does not change, drop-freedom, and one-time treatment). Both disease-related and treatment-related experiences were covered prominently in interviews with patients across the spectrum of glaucoma severity. Conclusions: Outcomes related both to the disease and its treatment are important to patients with different severities of glaucoma. To accurately evaluate quality of life in glaucoma, PROMs may need to assess both disease-related and treatment-related outcomes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Poostchi2023,

title = {Clinical risk stratification in glaucoma},

author = {Ali Poostchi and Alan Kastner and Evgenia Konstantakopoulou and Gus Gazzard and Hari Jayaram},

doi = {10.1038/s41433-023-02480-5},

issn = {14765454},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Eye (Basingstoke)},

number = {October 2022},

abstract = {Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable sight loss in the United Kingdom and the provision of timely glaucoma care has been highlighted as a significant challenge in recent years. Following a recent high-profile investigation, The Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch recommended the validation of risk stratification models to safeguard the vision-related quality of life of glaucoma patients. There continues to be no nationally agreed evidence-based risk stratification model for glaucoma care across the United Kingdom. Some models have used simple measures of disease staging such as visual field mean deviation as surrogates for risk, but more refined, individualised risk stratification models should include factors related to both visual impairment and visual disability. Candidate tools should also incorporate both ocular and systemic co-morbidities, rate of disease progression, visual needs and driving status and undergo clinical refinement and validation to justify implementation. The disruption to routine glaucoma care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has only highlighted the importance of such risk stratification models and has accelerated their development, application and evaluation. This review aims to critically appraise the available evidence underpinning current approaches for glaucoma risk stratification and to discuss how these may be applied to contemporary glaucoma care within the United Kingdom. Further research will be essential to justify and validate the utility of glaucoma risk stratification models in everyday clinical practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gazzard2023,

title = {Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) Trial: Six-Year Results of Primary Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus Eye Drops for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension},

author = {Gus Gazzard and Evgenia Konstantakopoulou and David Garway-Heath and Mariam Adeleke and Victoria Vickerstaff and Gareth Ambler and Rachael Hunter and Catey Bunce and Neil Nathwani and Keith Barton},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.09.009},

doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.09.009},

issn = {15494713},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology},

volume = {130},

number = {2},

pages = {139–151},

publisher = {American Academy of Ophthalmology},

abstract = {Purpose: The Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) Trial has shown selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to be clinically and cost-effective as a primary treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) at 3 years. This article reports health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and clinical effectiveness of initial treatment with SLT compared with intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops after 6 years of treatment. Design: Prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Participants: Treatment-naive eyes with OAG or OHT initially treated with SLT or IOP-lowering drops. Methods: Patients were allocated randomly to initial SLT or eye drops. After the initial 3 years of the trial, patients in the SLT arm were permitted a third SLT if necessary; patients in the drops arm were allowed SLT as a treatment switch or escalation. This study is registered at controlled-trials.com (identifier, ISRCTN32038223). Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was HRQoL at 6 years; secondary outcomes were clinical effectiveness and adverse events. Results: Of the 692 patients completing 3 years in the LiGHT Trial, 633 patients (91.5%) entered the extension, and 524 patients completed 6 years in the trial (82.8% of those entering the extension phase). At 6 years, no significant differences were found for the EuroQol EQ-5D 5 Levels, Glaucoma Utility Index, and Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (P > 0.05 for all). The SLT arm showed better Glaucoma Symptom Scale scores than the drops arm (83.6 ± 18.1 vs. 81.3 ± 17.3, respectively). Of eyes in the SLT arm, 69.8% remained at or less than the target IOP without the need for medical or surgical treatment. More eyes in the drops arm exhibited disease progression (26.8% vs. 19.6%, respectively; P = 0.006). Trabeculectomy was required in 32 eyes in the drops arm compared with 13 eyes in the SLT arm (P < 0.001); more cataract surgeries occurred in the drops arm (95 compared with 57 eyes; P = 0.03). No serious laser-related adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Selective laser trabeculoplasty is a safe treatment for OAG and OHT, providing better long-term disease control than initial drop therapy, with reduced need for incisional glaucoma and cataract surgery over 6 years.},

keywords = {Glaucoma progression, Ocular hypertension, Open-angle glaucoma, Selective laser trabeculoplasty},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Konstantakopoulou1258,

title = {Validation of the RCOphth and UKEGS glaucoma risk stratification tool ‘GLAUC-STRAT-fast’},

author = {Evgenia Konstantakopoulou and Alan Kastner and Gus Gazzard and Hari Jayaram},

url = {https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/9/1258},

doi = {10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320968},

issn = {0007-1161},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {British Journal of Ophthalmology},

volume = {107},

number = {9},

pages = {1258–1263},

publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd},

abstract = {Background/aims The aim of this study was to validate the Glaucoma Risk Stratification Tool (GLAUC-STRAT-fast) currently recommended by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists for the risk stratification of patients with glaucoma in the UK National Health Service Hospital Eye Service.Methods GLAUC-STRAT fast was applied to the LiGHT trial participants by risk-stratifying the worse eye of each patient at baseline and after 3 years of treatment. Metrics of disease severity or treatment intensity used for the validation were: increased number of monitoring visits or treatment escalations; needing a trabeculectomy; a reduction of >2 dB in visual field mean deviation (VF MD) during the monitoring period; identification of rapid VF loss on total (TD) and/or pattern deviation (PD). The proportion of eyes within each baseline stratum for each of the above markers was compared against the other strata, using a χ2 test for proportions.Results There was an association between the baseline stratification and the number of treatment escalations needed to maintain the eye-specific target intraocular pressure (p=0.001), the number of visits needed throughout the 3-year follow-up period (p=0.001), the need for trabeculectomy (p<0.001) and absolute loss of MD over the course of the monitoring period (p<0.001). The rate of VF progression was not associated with baseline risk stratification for TD or PD progression (p>=0.007, with Bonferroni correction).Conclusion The GLAUC-STRAT fast tool is a useful tool for risk stratifying eyes with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma. Further research is needed to confirm and validate its applicability to more advanced glaucomas and generalisability to clinical use.Trial registration number The LiGHT trial is registered at controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN32038223).No data are available.De-identified participant data from the LiGHT trial may be available from Professor Gus Gazzard (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-5005) pending appropriate research ethics approvals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{K.Gialelis2022,

title = {Comparison of the OSDI Questionnaire, the Tear Film Break-up Time and Schirmer Tests for the Evaluation of Tear Film in Computer users and Contact Lenses without Dry Eye Symptoms},

author = {Themistoklis K. Gialelis and Aikaterini E. Mouzaka and Michail Chouzouris},

doi = {10.9734/or/2022/v17i230254},

issn = {2321-7227},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-10},

urldate = {2022-08-10},

journal = {OR},

pages = {18--24},

publisher = {Sciencedomain International},

abstract = {<jats:p>Aims: To compare the diagnostic values of the OSDI, the Schirmer’s and tear film breakup time test to check for dry eye in healthy adult students using computers and contact lenses.

Methodology: Our sample consisted of hundred (100) eyes from fifty (50) healthy adults aged 18-24 years students at the University of West Attica (25 participants were contact lens wearers, while the remaining 25 were not). All participants were exposed to a computer screen or a mobile screen. Qualitative tear measurement was performed with Tear Break-Up Time Test (TBUT), quantitative measurement of tears with Schirmer Test and use of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).

Results: During the analysis of the results, it was found that OSDI was inversely proportional to the TBUT test and the Schirmer test. 60% did not have dry eye, 34% had a mild dry eye, 4% had moderate dry eye and 2% had severe dry eye. Α statistically significant relationship  existed between OSDI and the other variables as well as the TBUT test with Schirmer test (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: The OSDI questionnaire, used in conjunction with the TBUT test, was easy to perform and could be helpful in supporting the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.</jats:p>},

keywords = {General Medicine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2022,

title = {The Effect of Monochromatic Aberrations of the Cornea on Contrast Sensitivity under Photopic and Mesopic Conditions},

author = {E Pateras and K Ladopoulos and P Drakopoulos},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2022/v16i230233},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

pages = {26--35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bollano2022,

title = {The Correlation between Reduced Binocular Vision Function and Reading Ability in Elementary School Students in Greece},

author = {Melinta Bollano and Aristeidis Chandrinos},

url = {https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.covd.org/resource/resmgr/vdr/vdr_8_1/vdr8-1_article_bollano-lazar.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Vision Development & Rehabilitation},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

abstract = {This study aimed to identify the correlation

between visual performance and reading fluency,

accuracy, and speed in elementary school

students in Greece.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{V.Bartzis2021,

title = {Generalized Intensity Dependent Multiphoton Jaynes - Cummings Model},

author = {V. Bartzis and M. Serris and G. Ninos},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-16},

urldate = {2021-11-16},

journal = {Approximation and Computation in Science and Engineering},

note = {SPRINGER, in press},

keywords = {Cummings model, multiphoton},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2021,

title = {Chromatic Performance of High Index Plastic Optical Materials},

author = {A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355393888_Chromatic_Performance_of_High_Index_Plastic_Optical_Materials},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-22},

journal = {Journal of Material Science Research and Reviews},

volume = {8},

pages = {103-119},

abstract = {Purpose: The aim of this study was the evaluation of different plastic optical materials and determination of their behaviour in front of the eye. The study was not for clinical screening but mainly for material determination purposes, where the contrast sensitivity function is inefficient and difficult to interpret. Methods: Thirty male and female subjects with no ocular or reported systemic abnormality were selected. Twenty-two lenses of +6.00D power, made from 8 different plastic materials following requested: specifications; were edged to round shape and decentred in order to produce a 9 ∆ prism in front of the subjects' eye. Measurements of every subject were repeated four times on Bailey-Lovie and Pelli Robson charts, for each lens used in the experiment Results: A significant decline of visual acuity in correlation to higher index plastic lenses was observed. Also we observed a similar visual acuity decline concerning aspheric design lenses, but with a little better performance than non-aspheric design lenses of the same index material. Conclusion: The hypothesis of this work was that the higher the index the more the chromatic aberration. The conclusion is that this hypothesis is quite correct. However, the measurement of visual performance is not a very easy task. The wearer may simply experience blur through the periphery of the lens without realising the cause, and therefore the symptoms described to the optician can be confusing.},

keywords = {Abbe, Chromatic aberrations, contrast sensitivity, prisms, visual acuity},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karetsos2021,

title = {Contrast Sensitivity Measurement Tests and Methods},

author = {G. Karetsos and A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.journalor.com/index.php/OR/article/view/30208},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-18},

journal = {Ophtalmology Research: an International Journal},

volume = {15},

pages = {7-18},

abstract = {Contrast is a measure of the amount of lightness or darkness an object has in relationship to its background. Usually, it is described as Contrast Sensitivity (CS), which actually is the inverse of the contrast threshold. More often than not, stimulus set includes grating patterns of various sizes that are presented in a stationary manner or are dynamically presented by reversing the contrast at different rates.

A variety of tests were developed, in order to asses and evaluate contrast sensitivity, in many different ways. A classical method, to check for contrast sensitivity, is the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart.

The Bailey-Lovie contrast sensitivity chart is another letter chart that deals with differences in the number of letters read on the high and low contrast charts, with a main drawback, the necessity to follow the size of the letters.

The Functional Acuity Contrast Test is designed to identify vision loss from a variety of disorders, many of which are not detected by high or low contrast Snellen Acuity tests. The MARS Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test shows good agreement with the Pelli-Robson test and possibly it may be the alternative to the Pelli-Robson chart, in clinical practice and research.},

keywords = {Bailey-Lovie CS test, contrast sensitivity function (CSF), FACT test, MARS test, Pelli-Robson test},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lazaridis2021,

title = {Optometric Screening of Elementary Students in Greece},

author = {M.B. Lazaridis and A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353972438_Optometric_Screening_of_Elementary_Students_in_Greece},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2021/v14i430201},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-17},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: an International Journal},

volume = {14},

number = {4},

pages = {42-49},

keywords = {accommodation, ocular motility, optometry, vergence, vision, vision screening, visual  skills, visual dysfunctions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Konstantakopoulou2021,

title = {Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) performed by optometrists—enablers and barriers to a shift in service delivery},

author = {E. Konstantakopoulou and L. Jones and N. Nathwani et al.},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-021-01746-0},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01746-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-13},

journal = {Eye},

abstract = {Background/objectives: To explore the acceptability, training requirements, enablers and barriers of optometrist-delivered SLT.

Subjects/methods: Optometrists, fellowship and consultant grade ophthalmologists, hospital managers and patients were interviewed using pre-defined topic guides. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and subjected to thematic analysis. Overarching themes were defined by the study aims and the topic guides; subthemes were derived from the interview data.

Results: Sixty-six participants (three managers, eight glaucoma specialist consultant ophthalmologists, seven clinical glaucoma fellows, 12 optometrists (two of them performing SLT), two ophthalmic nurses and 34 patients) participated in the study. Overarching themes (and subthemes) were: necessity of non-medical SLT delivery, clinical practice and training, advantages, disadvantages, concerns, challenges, community delivery of SLT, patient values and other healthcare professionals that could also deliver SLT.

Conclusions: Certain clinical pre-requisites, such as gonioscopy and independent prescribing rights, were perceived as necessary for undertaking SLT training. An optometrist-delivered SLT service was expected to benefit the NHS, but there was an identified need of a standardised training scheme and robust governance. Patients were accepting of an optometrist-delivered SLT service in the hospital eye service.},

keywords = {laser, optometry, trabeculoplasty},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{D.D.Tzamouranis2021,

title = {Dataset on the questionnaire-based survey of the perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and Contact lens (CL) wearers},

author = {D.D.Tzamouranis and A. Chandrinos},

doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2021.107101},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-01},

journal = {Data Brief},

abstract = {The data set presents data collected by an online questionnaire, applying closed-ended question types (multiple-choice, Likert scale) and questions Skip Logic. Instruments from previous studies in the field of optometry such as Contact Lens User Experience (CLUE Scales), Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLIQ), Quality of Vision (QoV) Questionnaire, did not meet the needs of this study. Therefore, in order to provide a statistically valid and consistent instrument to examine the psychopathological reactions in Contact lens wearers due to COVID-19, a new questionnaire was designed. The steps followed to collect and manage data were, definition of the objectives of the study, questionnaire design, questionnaire pilot testing (validity, reliability, repeatability), data administration and results interpretation. This descriptive survey employed online data collection using an anonymized questionnaire. The questionnaire was made available via an online link on social networks from 28/09/2020 to 11/10/2020. The questionnaire, in order to record the psychopathological reactions in Contact lens wearers due to COVID-19, was structured according to three psychopathological reactions (COVID-RS scales), (a) disorganized behaviors, (b) avoidant behaviors, (c) maladaptive information consumption. Therefore includes, (a) socio-demographic variables such as, (age, gender, educational level, Professional status, geographical area of habitation), (b) Health and Consumer behavior in Contact lens wearers, (c) Perceived risk of infection due to COVID-19 in Contact lens users, with a total of 22 items and maximum completion time 4 min. The survey included 1676 participants, 1037 were Contact Lens users and completed the online questionnaire. Of them, 76.7% (795) were female and 23.3% (242) were male. The educational level of the participants was, 7.5% (8) primary education, 18.9% (197) Secondary education, 57.9% (601) Undergraduate education, 22.3% (231) Postgraduate education. According to the age groups, 68.2% (707) participants were between 18 and 34 years old, 23.4% (278) participants were between 35 and 54 years old, 4.8% (50) participants were between 55 and 74 years old, 0.2% (2) participants were 75 and over. All data were exported to Excel spreadsheets. Only the completed questionnaires were used in the analyses. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24. Cronbach's alpha showed for the group, Health and Consumer behavior in Contact lens wearers (6 items), to reach acceptable reliability α= 0,881. Cronbach's alpha showed for the group, Perceived risk of infection due to COVID-19 in contact lens wearers (6 items), to reach acceptable reliability α= 0,886. The data set can be used to understand the relationship between the perceived risk of Covid-19 infection and contact lens (CL) use, the potential effect of the pandemic in Health and consumer behavior in Contact lens users, to draft a survey strategy and design, to verify results, etc.},

keywords = {contact lenses, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-RS scales, eye care, infection risk, public health, vision science},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2021b,

title = { A Review of Polymers and Plastic High Index Optical Materials},

author = {A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.journaljmsrr.com/index.php/JMSRR/article/view/30184},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-06},

journal = {Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews},

volume = {7},

number = {4},

pages = {1-14},

abstract = {The industry of plastics has grown rapidly since its inception in the 1940s, the use of plastics as an optical material only really started to pick up in the 1970s and has had a much slower underlying growth than for the commodity industry e.g. packaging, closures, etc. After that, in this industry the advantage of material consistency and uniformity, full three dimensional machining capability and mass production are exploited to the full.

However, plastics in general are weaker and more costly than traditional materials and people still retain a ‘bad image’ of them because of their previous misuse. In the past, and to a certain extent today, plastic engineering components have been designed to directly replace components in traditional engineering materials, leading to poor performance and costly reproduction. For effective material substitution, the designer using plastics has to appreciate their benefits as well as their limitations. Today, designs are being produced that are not only unique to plastics but are also out-performing designs in traditional materials.

In a comparable way, prejudices prevent consumers trusting plastic lenses. Although they realize benefits such as thinner and lighter design, they worry about clarity and transparency, and the most common question is if plastic lenses harm their eyes or obstruct their vision.

Furthermore, in recent years the industry has confused consumers rather than informing them. Optical properties, like refractive index and Abbe value are not clearly defined by manufacturers (i.e. a given “n” is nd or ne?). Many people ask themselves why high index plastic lenses must be always multicoated? Another similar question is why high index plastic lenses mainly are designed as aspheric? Is chromatic dispersion more or less affected by the refractive index? What is the relation between Abbe value and chromatic performance of these materials?

Consequently, this review has to investigate mainly the above questions in order to search and estimate the performance of new plastic high index materials and to compare with traditional lens materials.},

keywords = {high index, optical materials, plastics, safety, spectacle lenses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jones2021,

title = {Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) performed by optometrists for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a scoping review},

author = {L. Jones and E. Konstantakopoulou and G. Gazzard

},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33782653/},

doi = {10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000611},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-11},

journal = {BMJ Open Ophthalmology},

abstract = {Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been established as an effective treatment to lower intraocular pressure in people with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The procedure is typically within the remit of ophthalmologists; however, there is potential to upskill optometrists and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) to deliver the treatment. We conducted a scoping review to identify the current global landscape of HCP-delivered SLT and describe training features, clinical effectiveness and safety. Relevant articles were identified through online database searches and grey literature sources. Four articles were selected for full inclusion. This review identified training programmes for optometrist-delivered SLT in the UK and the USA. The findings indicate that more research is needed to clarify training requirements and clinical effectiveness. },

keywords = {glaucoma, treatment lasers},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ninos2021,

title = {Uncertainty Quantification, Implementations in Human Hemodynamics Flows},

author = {G. Ninos and V. Bartzis and N. Merlemis and I. Sarris},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33721602/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106021},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-02},

journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine},

abstract = {Background and objective: Human hemodynamic modeling is usually influenced by uncertainties occurring from a considerable unavailability of information linked to the boundary conditions and the physical properties used in the numerical models. Calculating the effect of these uncertainties on the numerical findings along the cardiovascular system is a demanding process due to the complexity of the morphology of the body and the area dynamics. To cope with all these difficulties, Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) methods seem to be an ideal tool.

Results: This study focuses on analyzing and summarizing some of the recent research efforts and directions of implementing UQ in human hemodynamic flows by analyzing 139 research papers. Initially, the suitability of applying this approach is analyzed and demonstrated. Then, an overview of the most significant research work in various fields of biomedical hemodynamic engineering is presented. Finally, it is attempted to identify any possible forthcoming directions for research and methodological progress of UQ in biomedical sciences.

Conclusion: This review concludes that by finding the best statistical methods and parameters to represent the propagated uncertainties, while achieving a good interpretation of the interaction between input-output, is crucial for implementing UQ in biomedical sciences.

Keywords: Biomedical sciences; Computational fluid dynamics; Hemodynamic flows; Polynomial chaos; Uncertainty quantification. },

keywords = {biomedical sciences, computational fluid dynamics, hemodynamic flows, polynomial chaos, uncertainty quantification},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2021c,

title = {Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Contact Lens Wear in Greece},

author = {A. Chandrinos and D.D. Tzamouranis},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349376387_Effect_of_the_COVID-19_Pandemic_on_Contact_Lens_Wear_in_Greece},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2021/v14i130180},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-15},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {22-29},

abstract = {Purpose: This study demonstrates the actions that took over the contact lens (CL) wearers in Greece after the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The study includes nameless web-based survey used to measure participants demographics, CL wear history, and custom wear activity of CL in a stage of noticeable risk of infection due to CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: During the lockdown A’ in Greece about half of the participants (42.5%) believe that the perceived risk of infection using CL was extremely effective (29%) and very effective (13.5%). Only a minority (18 %) of the participants do believe that the use of CL increases the risk of COVID-19 infection. Another population (43%) do not agree with this opinion and more than a third of them (39%) resemble that are not affected by this opinion or are less informed.},

keywords = {contact lenses, COVID-19 pandemic, eye care, infection risk, public health},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bachtalia2021,

title = { Compensatory Corneal Epithelial Thickness Changes after Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy Imaged with Ultra High Resolution Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography},

author = {K. Bachtalia and A. Plakitsi and A. Charonis and G. Charonis and D. Kyroudis and S. Palioura},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-01},

journal = {J Clin Exp Ophthalmol},

volume = {12},

pages = {1-8},

keywords = {compensatory corneal epithelial, keratectomy, optical, tomography},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2021d,

title = {The challenge of predicting OAG Progression from the initial visual field test},

author = {A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.journalajrrop.com/index.php/AJRROP/article/view/30125},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-16},

journal = {Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

pages = {10-28},

abstract = {Purpose: The aim of this study was the development of a critical code in order to combine statistics with a workable diagnostic system for open angle glaucoma that could predict improvement or deterioration of the tested visual field of a glaucoma suspect, most likely after the first or second visit for the visual field test.

Methods: The study plan was to apply a set of different filters in order to select the most efficient one that could remove the most of the noise of the test printout, of which probably the greater part of this removed noise could be the component of the learning effect, as it was expected to be at the first or second session. The common mean and median filters were initially used and later on an adapted or Hybrid filter was designed in MatLab© environment and in a similar philosophy to Gardiner’s Predictor filter. Taking into account the details of the study data, an Adaptive or Hybrid filter following the deployment of the optic nerve fibre layers of the retina was tested and selecting different weight depending on the locations of possible glaucoma defects.

Results:  Initially, the used mean and median filters, used to remove noise of visual field provided ambitious results. The first filter blurred the edges and the overall appearance looked fuzzy or blurry. The second one calculated the values of the neighbourhood and set these in ascending array. Then selected the median of these values to replace the original one. The result in general looks misleading.  Next, applying the Hybrid Adapted filter, the end results illustrated elimination of measured noise in the visual field tests and likely the first visit outcome could predict the third or the fifth visit one.

Conclusion: This is a promising approach to identify and eliminate measurement noise in the visual field tests and to predict, after filtering the first examination outcome, the likely visual field outcome of the third or the fifth visit. The challenge of predicting the progression of open angle glaucoma from the initial visit nowadays is even more than any other the “Holy Grail” of Perimetry.},

keywords = {filters, noise, open angle glaucoma, visual field signal},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2021,

title = {Assessment of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness with SD-OCT in Eyes with Different Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)},

author = {E. Pateras and G. Kalogeropoulou},

doi = {10.9734/or/2021/v14i330193},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {14},

number = {3},

pages = {6--17},

abstract = {Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with the use of Spectral-Domain OCT in eyes with AMD of different stages. 

 Methods: The participants comprised of 30 age-matched normal eyes as controls (Group 1), 19 with early-AMD eyes (Group 2), 14 with intermediate-AMD eyes (Group 3) and 29 with advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes (Group 4). All subjects underwent routine ophthalmologic examination. The choroid images, which included the subfoveal choroidal thickness images, obtained using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (and the technique of Enhanced Depth Imaging-EDI). All of the participants volunteered in this study and remained anonymous due to the protection of their personal data. Results: 92 eyes with age greater than 65 years old were included. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 260.93 ± 46.54 $mu$m in age-matched normal eyes, 255.10 ± 44.85 $mu$m in early AMD eyes, 230.92 ± 45.70 $mu$m in intermediate AMD eyes and 206.82 ± 44.43 $mu$m in advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes. There were statistically significant differences in the measurement results between the 4th Group with the 1st Group (P<0.0001) and 2nd Group (P=0.0006) respectively, meaning that SFCT was greater in normal and early AMD eyes. 

 Conclusion: Decreasing subfoveal choroidal thickness was demonstrated in the progression of AMD, especially in the advanced AMD eyes compared to normal or early AMD eyes.},

keywords = {age-related macular degeneration, classification of amd, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, subfoveal choroidal thickness},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gialelis2021,

title = {Contrast Sensitivity and Corneal Aberrations Analysis in Relation with Epithelial Thickness Changes at the Corneal Apex after Refractive Surgery},

author = {Themistoklis K Gialelis and Vassilios P Kozobolis and Haris Sideroudi and M Portaliou and Aikaterini E Mouzaka and Panagiotis Stavrakas and Miguel Teus},

doi = {10.29011/2575-9760.001437},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Surgery},

volume = {6},

number = {14},

pages = {1--8},

keywords = {contrast sensitivity, high order aberrations, low, order aberrations, prk-lasik},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Tsapanou2020,

title = {Coupling Remote Sensing Data with in-situ Optical Measurements to estimate Suspended Particulate Matter under the Evros River Influence (North-East Aegean Sea, Greece)},

author = {A. Tsapanou and E.Oikonomou and P.G. Drakopoulos and S. Poulos and G. Sylaios},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2019.1685713},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1685713},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-06},

journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},

volume = {41},

number = {6},

pages = {2062-2080},

keywords = {Aegean Sea, optical, remote sensing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020,

title = {Comparative Study of Corneal Thickness before and after FemtoLasik Surgery with Pentacam® AXL and Ultrasound Device (Tomey SP-100)},

author = {E. Pateras and E. Kontogeorgou},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343988283_Comparative_Study_of_Corneal_Thickness_before_and_after_FemtoLasik_Surgery_with_PentacamR_AXL_and_Ultrasound_Device_Tomey_SP-100},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2020/v13i330169},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-31},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An international Journal},

volume = {13},

number = {3},

pages = {20-27},

abstract = {Aims: The purpose of our research is to evaluate corneal thickness, pre-operative and post-operatively after FemtoLasik surgery, using "Pentacam® AXL" and Ultrasound device. To evaluate the correlation of the two devices and their interchangeability. Sample and Study Design: Our data includes 70 eyes of patients, age 19-59 years, who undergone Lasik surgery for myopia. The data concerned pre-operative and post-operative central corneal pachymetry using Ultrasound pachymeter (Tomey SP-100) and "Pentacam® AXL".},

keywords = {“Pentacam”, central corneal thickness, corneal flap, depth of ablation, Lasik, refractive surgery, residual stromal bed, ultrasound},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jones2020,

title = {Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) performed by optometrists for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a scoping review},

author = {L. Jones and E. Konstantakopoulou and G. Gazzard

},

url = {https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000611},

doi = {10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000438},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-26},

journal = {BMJ Open Ophthalmology},

abstract = {Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been established as an effective treatment to lower intraocular pressure in people with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The procedure is typically within the remit of ophthalmologists; however, there is potential to upskill optometrists and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) to deliver the treatment. We conducted a scoping review to identify the current global landscape of HCP-delivered SLT and describe training features, clinical effectiveness and safety. Relevant articles were identified through online database searches and grey literature sources. Four articles were selected for full inclusion. This review identified training programmes for optometrist-delivered SLT in the UK and the USA. The findings indicate that more research is needed to clarify training requirements and clinical effectiveness.},

keywords = {glaucoma, hypertension, laser, optometrists},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020c,

title = {Comparative Study of Anterior Chamber Angle and Depth Recorded with Pentacam and AS-OCT SD "Spectralis"},

author = {E. Pateras and N. Morogiannis},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343809489_Comparative_Study_of_Anterior_Chamber_Angle_and_Depth_Recorded_with_Pentacam_and_AS-OCT_SD_Spectralis},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2020/v13i330167},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-02},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {13},

pages = {1-12},

abstract = {Aims: To compare the anterior chamber angle values recorded by Pentacam and AS-OCT SD "Spectralis" (Heidelberg Engineering) and present the correlation between the two devices. Sample and Study Design: A total of 50 patients were examined at the Private Ophthalmology Clinic O.M.M.A. Ophthalmological Institute. All participants volunteer to participate in this study where the data was kept anonymous. Patients aged 18-45 years without a pathological history were selected. All of them were emmetropes or with ametropia ranged ±0.75 D. There was no separation between hyperopic, myopic or emmetropic patients. Place and Duration of Study: in collaboration with Private Ophthalmology Clinic O.M.M.A. during the period between January 2019 to October 2019. Methodology: In this study, two basic structures of the eye are measured with the help of two devices of different principle of operation. Specifically, the study of the angle of the anterior chamber (ACA) as well as the depth of the chamber (ACD). The two devises are compared. Results: The ACA for both devices had mean difference of-2,004° for the R.E. while the mean difference for L.E. was 1,986°. Pentacam arithmetic mean ACA (R.E.) was 37,638 ± 2,98° and AS-Original Research Article Pateras and Morogiannis; OR, 13(3): 1-12, 2020; Article no.OR.60140 2 OCT "Spectralis" 35,766 ± 2,90° with Correlation coefficient 0,7063 (P<0,0001). Pentacam arithmetic mean ACA (L.E.) was 37,638 ± 2,98° and AS-OCT "Spectralis" 35,652 ± 2,79° with Correlation coefficient 0,7569 (P<0,0001). The ACD for both devices had mean difference of-0,3028 for the R.E. while the mean difference for L.E. was-0,2860. Pentacam arithmetic mean ACD (R.E.) was 3,5866 ± 0,20 and AS-OCT "Spectralis" 3,2838 ± 0,20 with Correlation coefficient 0,4201 (P=0,0024). Pentacam arithmetic mean ACD (L.E.) was 3,558 ± 0,21 and AS-OCT "Spectralis" 3,2720 ± 0,20 with Correlation coefficient 0,4023 (P=0,0038). Conclusion: Values of ACA measured by Pentacam and AS-OCT "Spectralis" were similar within the sample population of normal eyes right and left (P<0,0001). ACD measured by Pentacam and AS-OCT "Spectralis" showed also similar results the sample population of normal eyes for the right eye (P=0,0024) and left (P=0,0038).},

keywords = {“Pentacam”, ”Spectralis”, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber depth, aqueous humor, AS-optical coherence tomography, comparison},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020d,

title = {Comparison for K mean and Astigmatism for Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at Different Stages of Keratoconus - A Clinical Study},

author = {E. Pateras and C. Koufala},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342870735_Comparison_for_K_mean_and_Astigmatism_for_Orbscan_IIz_and_Pentacam_at_Different_Stages_of_Keratoconus_-A_Clinical_Study},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2020/v13i130160},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-11},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {13},

pages = {30-40},

abstract = {Aims: To compare results of Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at different stages of keratoconus on Kmean and Astigmatism. Sample and Study Design: 94 keratoconus patients were included in the study, of which 52 were men and 42 women. Keratoconus patients were screened with Orbscan IIz and Pentacam before undergoing corneal collagen cross-linking. The patients were distributed according to different keratoconus stages. Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Sciensce Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Athens “Ophthalmiatrio” Clinic during the period between October 2017 to January 2019. Methodology: Topographic maps correlation of two types of corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam. The Kmean values and the Astigmatism presented at different stages of keratoconus were compared. Results: A Sample of 188 eyes were measured having, 20 eyes (10.6%) with subclinical keratoconus, the correlation coefficient r for Kmean values between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam was 0.9758 (P<0.0001), 44 eyes (23.3%) at stage 1 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8482 (P<0.0001), 33 eyes (17.6%) at stage 2 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8147 (P<0.0001), 67 eyes (35.6%) at stage 3 with the correlation coefficient r=0.797 (P<0.0001), 10 eyes (5.3%) at stage 4 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8455 (P=0.0021), 8 eyes (4.4%) with iatrogenic keratoectasia after refractive surgery having correlation coefficient r=0.928 (P=0.0009). Conclusion: Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were found for Kmean in all stages of keratoconus. The performance for Kmean measurement of the corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam is satisfactory for both systems in various stages of keratoconus having a very strong correlation (Correlation coefficient r ranged from 0.9758 to 0.7970). Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were evident also at the Astigmatism measurements at stage 3 and 4.},

keywords = {corneal topography comparison, keratoconus, Orbscan IIz, Pentacam},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2020,

title = {Methods of Threshold Estimation (Algorithms) and New Techniques in Perimetry: A Review},

author = {A. Chandrinos},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342945956_Methods_of_Threshold_Estimation_Algorithms_and_New_Techniques_in_Perimetry_A_Review},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-10},

volume = {3},

pages = {21-40},

abstract = {Recently, there have been several new developments in automated perimetry that have contributed to enhanced diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This paper will briefly review the classical algorithms of automated perimetry and also the latest advances in automated perimetry strategies, like SITA Faster algorithm. It will also explore the new algorithms for different perimeters and all the novel techniques, which has been shown to be a rapid, effective method of detecting glaucomatous visual field loss and have demonstrated the ability to predict the onset and progression of glaucomatous visual field deficits.},

keywords = {algorithm, glaucoma, perimetry, testing techniques, threshold},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandrinos2020b,

title = {A Review of Learning Effect in Perimetry},

author = {A. Chandrinos and D.D. Tzamouranis},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340762287_A_Review_of_Learning_Effect_in_Perimetry},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.24127.87203},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-14},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {12},

pages = {23-30},

abstract = {Glaucoma is the second most common cause of visual impairment in the UK, with visual impairment registrations have increased by 22% since 2010. Glaucoma refers to a group of optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment and blindness. If glaucoma remains untreated, it may produce optic nerve damage, leading to vision loss. Consequently, visual field tests can be extremely valuable for glaucoma. At the same time, visual field assessment should be performed at baseline and periodically in the glaucoma follow-up or monitor the effectiveness of adopted therapeutic schemes. Any visual field test can be masked by one or more artefacts, which can either lead to the incorrect result of visual field loss or to the possible deterioration of existing loss. One of the most important factors is the perimetric learning effect that is present in almost all types of perimetry. To minimize the learning effect, we either have to conduct a practice test procedure, as a demonstration for the patient without collecting data, or to calculate and establish a learning index of the specific patient. By the establishment of such an index, assist the clinician in detecting possible masked or overestimated visual field defects or progression of glaucoma damage. Potentially, the intense data collection at a large number of locations throughout the field in a larger cohort of subjects (visually healthy and glaucomatous) would be required for a better index establishment. The incorporation of fatigue also may be required to form a robust index enough to simulate procedures of glaucoma prognosis. The low signal to noise ratio associated with perimetric testing suggests that improvements will always be difficult to make.},

keywords = {filters, learning effect, learning index, perimetry, visual fields loss},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wright2020b,

title = {Visual Field Outcomes from the Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Trial (LiGHT)},

author = {D.M. Wright and E. Konstantakopoulou and G. Montesano and N. Nathwani and A. Garg and D. G. Heath and D.P. Crabb, ; (2020) . , . },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32402553/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.03.029},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-03},

journal = {Ophthalmology},

volume = {127},

number = {10},

pages = {1313-1321},

keywords = {glaucoma, laser, patient, treatment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wright2020,

title = {Visual Field Outcomes from the Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Trial (LiGHT)},

author = {D. M. Wright and E. Konstantakopoulou and G. Montesano and N. Nathwani and A. Garg and D. Garway-Heath and D. P. Crabb and G. Gazzard},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32402553/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.03.029},

issn = {0161-6420},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-03},

journal = {Ophthalmology},

volume = {127},

pages = {1313-1321},

abstract = {Purpose: To compare visual field outcomes of ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients treated first with medical therapy with those treated first with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).

Design: Secondary analysis of patients from the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension study, a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Three hundred forty-four patients (588 eyes) treated first with medical therapy and 344 patients (590 eyes) treated first with SLT.

Methods: Visual fields (VFs) were measured using standard automated perimetry and arranged in series (median length and duration, 9 VFs over 48 months). Hierarchical linear models were used to estimate pointwise VF progression rates, which were then averaged to produce a global progression estimate for each eye. Proportions of points and patients in each treatment group with fast (<-1 dB/year) or moderate (<-0.5 dB/year) progression were compared using log-binomial regression.

Main outcome measures: Pointwise and global progression rates of total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD).

Results: A greater proportion of eyes underwent moderate or fast TD progression in the medical therapy group compared with the SLT group (26.2% vs. 16.9%; risk ratio [RR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.93; P < 0.001). A similar pattern was observed for pointwise rates (medical therapy, 26.1% vs. SLT, 19.0%; RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.33-1.42; P < 0.001). A greater proportion of pointwise PD rates were categorized as moderate or fast in the medical therapy group (medical therapy, 11.5% vs. SLT, 8.3%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.32-1.46; P < 0.001). No statistical difference was found in the proportion of eyes that underwent moderate or fast PD progression (medical therapy, 9.9% vs. SLT, 7.1%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.95, 2.03; P = 0.0928).

Conclusions: A slightly larger proportion of ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients treated first with medical therapy underwent rapid VF progression compared with those treated first with SLT.

},

keywords = {glaucoma, hypertension, ophthalmology, visual field},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020f,

title = {Meiboscore Correlation between Contact Lenses Weares and No Contact Lenses Weares in a Young Population},

author = {E. Pateras and K. Karabatsas},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339784360_Meiboscore_Correlation_between_Contact_Lenses_Weares_and_No_Contact_Lenses_Weares_in_a_Young_Population},

doi = {10.9734/OR/2020/v12i130139},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-07},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

pages = {22-26},

abstract = {Purpose: To  compare the  morphological changes  in the  meibomian glands  and meibomian glands loss between contact lens and non-contact lenses wears in a  young  population.  The  contact lens wearers wore C.L. for max 6 years. 

Methods: Examination of the meibomian gland (MG)  by using a corneal topographer CSO MODI 2 incorporating  Phoenix-Meibography  Imaging  software  module  from  January  to  June  2019.  80 volunteered students of the University of West Attics participated,  and all the subjects selected had no obvious ophthalmological symptoms, aged 19 to 22 years. 

Results: The Arithmetic mean of Meiboscore for those who did not wear C.L. was 1,23 MGL, while for the C.L. wearers was 2,53 MGL. 

Conclusion:  This Clinical research compares the  meiboscore  of  contact  lens  wearers  at a young age (min. 4 years contact lens wearers) and those who never  tried to wear. This study showed that there is  a relation  between meibomian glands loss (MGL) and contact  lens wear. Our observations showed  that  there  a  small  but positive correlation, as  the  total  period  of  C.L. wear increases the meiboscore  increases.  In  addition,  cumulative  frequency  %  showed  this  slight  increase  in meiboscore.

 },

keywords = {contact lens, corneal topographer, meibography, meibomian glands, meiboscore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020j,

title = {Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements between Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography, Ultrasound Pachymetry and Ocular Biometry},

author = {E. Pateras and A. I. Kouroupaki},

doi = {10.9734/or/2020/v13i430172},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {13},

number = {4},

pages = {1--9},

abstract = {Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements and their reproducibility when taken by Ultrasound Pachymetry, Ocular Biometry and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: Twenty-five healthy volunteers were recruited creating a sample size of 50 eyes. All subjects had pachymetric measurements by Ultrasound pachymetry (PachPen Handheld Pachymeter, Keeler Instruments Inc), Ocular biometry (IOL Master 700 Swept Source Biometry, Zeiss) and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography (Optovue Avanti RTVue XR Angiovue). The measurements of central corneal thickness for the three devices were taken by the same examiner twice for more accuracy. Results: The average measurements of central corneal thickness by Ultrasound pachymetry (PachPen Handheld Pachymeter, Keeler Instruments Inc), Ocular biometry (IOL Master 700 Swept Source Biometry, Zeiss) and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography (Optovue Avanti RTVue XR Angiovue) were 547.26 $mu$m, 551.36 $mu$m, and 536.42 $mu$m, respectively. The mean standard deviation (SD) of repeated measurements by Ocular biometry was 48.87 $mu$m, which was greater than the mean SD of 44.24 $mu$m and 40.35 $mu$m (P < 0.001) by ultrasound pachymetry and Angiovue optical coherence tomography, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the measurement results among the 3 methods (Ultrasound pachymetry vs. Ocular biometry P = 0.019; Ultrasound pachymetry vs. Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography; P < 0.001; Ocular biometry vs. Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography P < 0.001). There was a significant linear correlation between the Ultrasound pachymetry and Ocular biometry (r = 0.945, P<0.001), Ultrasound pachymetry and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography (r = 0.895, P<0.001), and Ocular biometry and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography (r = 0.902, P<0.001). Conclusion: Central corneal thickness readings were comparable between PachPen Handheld Pachymeter, IOL Master 700 Biometry and Angiovue Optical Coherence Tomography; Angiovue optical coherence tomography gave significantly smaller values. The measurements of the 3 methods showed significant linear correlations with one another. All methods provided acceptable repeatability of measurements.},

keywords = {cct, central corneal thickness, ocular biometry, pachymetry, tomography},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020i,

title = {The Reliability between Placido Topography and Scheimpflug Topography in Normal Corneas with Astigmatism less Than 0.50 Dc},

author = {E. Pateras and A. Nousi},

doi = {10.9734/or/2020/v12i130140},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {27--35},

abstract = {Purpose: This Clinical research was targeted to experimentally investigate the reliability between Placido topography and Scheimpflug topography in normal corneas with astigmatism ≤ ±0.50 Dc by comparing the refractive powers at the 4 main meridians (180⁰ - 90⁰) in order to study any differences between the two topographers and their reliability. Comparing the reliability measurements of Placido disk topography (CSO- Modi 02 Corneal Topographer with Phoenix Full & Pupil Module Software) with those of a high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam-Oculus,) and assess the agreement between these two topographers in measuring corneal power in normal eyes without astigmatism (≤ 0.50 Dc). Methods and Materials: Measurements were taken from 56 eyes corresponding to a proportion of patients, of which 26 were men with a mean age of ± 30 years and 30 were women with a mean age of ± 27 years. Refractive power maps were taken from the anterior cornea, having results for the steep meridian value (Ks), the flat meridian value (Kf), mean keratometric value (Km), and cornea astigmatism (Ks-Kf). The same examiner took all the data from measuring these 56 eyes. The results for each refractive map from the two topographers was taken with values for meridians (180⁰- 90⁰). Then the there was a statistical analysis comparing the values of (CSO) and (Pentacam) for those 56 eyes measured. Results: The statistical analysis for all meridians based on the results and as far as normal corneas with astigmatism ≤ ±0.50 Dc are concerned, the Placido topography (CSO) and Scheimpflug imaging technique (Pentacam), can be considered as equivalent in terms of diagnostic credibility and accuracy for primary health care, fitting contact lenses, etc. as the correlation coefficient r did not show any important differences for both instruments. For the 90⁰ meridian the correlation coefficient was 0.79, Significance level P=0.0001 and 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.67 to 0.87. For the 180⁰ meridian the correlation coefficient was 0.48, Significance level P<0.0001 and 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.25 to 0.66. Conclusion: In terms of diagnosis of pathology and follow-up, contact lens fitting especially for the anterior cornea surface these two instruments can work quite the same that's why a small clinical practitioner should have at least a Placido topographer. Corneal topography is an important instrument in order to measure the shape and refractive power of the cornea. Corneal topography gives practitioners an important tool to fit contact lenses asses the power and the cornea shape and helps to evaluate complications of the contact lens in relation with the corneal surface. These instruments continue to develop techniques and software in order to investigate and evaluate corneal surfaces and the integrity of the tear film, so that they can provide better solutions for their contact lens patients.},

keywords = {astigmatism, normal corneas, placido topography, scheimpflug topography},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020h,

title = {Comparison of Axial Length Measurements with the Use of Optical Biometry (IOL Master 700) and Ultrasound Biometry (A‐scan 550 Sonomed)},

author = {E. Pateras and D. Karadimou},

doi = {10.9734/or/2020/v13i430177},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {13},

number = {4},

pages = {33--40},

abstract = {Purpose: To compare measurements of axial length obtained with A-scan and IOL Master. The study was design to collect the axial length values resulting from the application of both methods on the same eye (R.E.) and then to compare them. Methodology Place and Duration of Study: 50 healthy patients selected randomly after visiting the clinic for daily routine examination. at the general hospital of Athens “Korgialenio – Benakio” were invited to participate in the study. The study took place in collaboration of University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Science Course Optics & Optometry with the general hospital of Athens “Korgialenio – Benakio”. Axial length measurements were obtained both by contact ultrasound (A‐scan 550 Sonomed, Lake Success, NY, USA) and by non‐contact laser interferometry (IOL Master 700 SWEPT Source Biometry). Two sets of measurements were repeated by a single examiner for each method. Results: A total of 50 eyes in 50 patients were evaluated. All participants volunteer to participate in this study. Estimates of axial length obtained with the two techniques were highly correlated. Axial lengths obtained with the contact method (mean 24.23mm, SD 1.64mm) were lower than those obtained with the non‐contact method (mean 23.29mm, SD 1.59mm) and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The coefficient of variation was lower with non‐contact laser interferometry (6.58%) than with the ultrasound technique (6.76%). Conclusion: Similar estimates of axial length are obtained using contact and non‐contact techniques, with the latter producing higher measurements results than the former. The A-scan and the non‐contact laser interferometry device (IOL Master 700) provide both reproducible results with similar the accuracy of measurements of axial length in the clinical setting.},

keywords = {axial length, optical biometry, ultrasound biometry},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020k,

title = {Comparison between OrbscanIIz, Pentacam, Ultrasound Pachymetry (Tomey SP-100) at Different Stages of Keratoconus},

author = {E. Pateras and Ch. Koufala},

doi = {10.9734/or/2020/v13i230163},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {13},

number = {2},

pages = {7--33},

abstract = {Aims: To compare results of OrbscanIIz and Pentacam and Ultrasound pachymetry at different stages of keratoconus on corneal thickness. Sample and Study Design: 94 keratoconic patients participated in the study, of which 52 were men and 42 women. Keratoconus patients were measured with OrbscanIIz, Pentacam and Ultrasound pachymetry in pre-operation examinations for corneal collagen cross-linking. The patients belong to different keratoconus stages. Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Sciensce Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Athens “Ophthalmologico” Clinic during the period between October 2017 to January 2019. Methodology: Corneal Pachymetry maps correlation of three types of corneal pachymeters OrbscanIIz, Pentacam and Ultrasound pachymetry (Tomey SP-100 Pachymeter). The measurements of the thinnest point of the cornea from each patient were collected at different stages of keratoconus and compared. Results: A sample of 188 eyes were measured at different stages of keratoconus and compared for the thinnest corneal thickness with three different measurement systems, OrbscanIIz ,Pentacam and Ultrasound pachymetry. At sublinical stage Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=0,7971, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,7483 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,9442. At 1st stage Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=0,8913, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,8151 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,8151. At 2nd stage Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=0,9339, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,8819 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,9633. For 3rd stage Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=0,8317, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,8457 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,9633. For 4th stage Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=-0,4655, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,3089 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,9633. In Iatrogenic keratoectasiaafter refractive surgery Orbscan-Pentacam had Correlation coefficient r=0,9327, Orbscan-Ultrasound r=0,3089 and Pentacam-Ultrasound r=0,9859. Conclusion: Statistical differences between OrbscanIIz, Pentacam and Ultrasound pachymetry were found for corneal thickness in all stages of keratoconus for the thinnest point measured. Orbscan-Pentacam have statistical significant differences but weak to moderate correlation. Orbscan-Ultasound have also statistical significant differences their correlation is very weak, while Pentacam-Ultrasound have statistical significant differences smaller as the previous but their correlation is very strong at all stages of keratoconus.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020p,

title = {Technique for Measuring Strabismus with Synoptophore – Review},

author = {E Pateras and D Tzamouranis},

url = {https://www.journalajrrop.com/index.php/AJRROP/article/view/30106},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology},

volume = {3},

number = {2},

pages = {6-12},

keywords = {binocular vision, orthoptic management},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020l,

title = {Corneal Placido Topography And Its Correlation With The Best Fitting Curve For Non-Astigmatic Eyes},

author = {Evangelos S. Pateras and Karaabatsas Konstantinos},

doi = {10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.1.161},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {10--13},

abstract = {Placido topographer CSO Phoenix had been used to measure 30 peoples corneas with astigmatism < 0.50 Dc (University of West Attica) and their refractive maps were taken. The refractive power map was used with measurements taken at the horizontal (180°), vertical (90°), and oblique axes (45° and 135°) for each of these 30 people. The keratometric measurements for > 5mm were recorded. The investigation took place at University of West Attica. The results showed that the shape of the cornea varies in the various meridians (e.g. 180° or 90°) and even with oblique meridians (e.g. in the nasal relative to the temporal side) and its curvature correlates with a different equation for each meridian.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pateras2020g,

title = {Corneal Endothelium an Important Layer for Corneal Transparency and Its Assessment– a Review},

author = {E. Pateras},

doi = {10.9734/or/2020/v12i430152},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

pages = {17--26},

abstract = {This current study aimed to review the importance and assessment of corneal endothelium in terms of corneal transparency. The study revealed that the normal metabolic activity is necessary to maintain the temperature of the cornea, to renew its cells, to support the exchange processes of nutrients and to maintain its transparency. The endothelium is the inner layer of the cornea. The main function of the endothelium is to remove fluid from the corneal stroma, thus allowing the cornea to remain transparent. Younger patients recover relatively more easily after endothelial injury because they have a larger number of endothelial cells compared to older patients. Knowledge of the number and condition of endothelial cells are crucial for a number of decisions that the ophthalmic surgeon is called upon to make usually before surgery and Endothelial assessment health is a criterion for choosing a surgical method.},

keywords = {cornea, surgery, transparency},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evangelos2020,

title = {Stereoscopic Vision & Testing Techniques – Overview},

author = {Pateras Evangelos, Plakitsi Athina and Chatzipantelis Athanasios},

doi = {10.26717/bjstr.2020.26.004405},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research},

volume = {26},

number = {5},

pages = {20252--20260},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evangelos2020b,

title = {Comparison of Corneal Topography in Eyes Before and One Month After the Phacoemulsification Procedure},

author = {Pateras Evangelos and Armenis John},

doi = {10.26717/bjstr.2020.25.004275},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research},

volume = {25},

number = {5},

pages = {19541--19545},

keywords = {against the rule, armenis j, astigmatism, citation, comparison of corneal topography, cornea, correlation, in, main meridians, pateras evangelos, phacoemulsification, surgical incisions, topography, with the rule},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}